
This is one of my first legit papers written in the US. I did not revise it for you, but hey, I am cool enough to share my work with you guys ;) Hopefully it helps your papers or at least feeds your minds with more information on this subject.
It took me a while to pick a topic. My friend Said who is originally from Palestine was telling me about his family and it made me think about Israel and its citizens. I started with one book planning to read a bunch of articles on the topic but ended up reading three more books and few articles about Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Moreover, I got to learn the history of the country and its’ relations with the rest of the world.
During the revision my group mate advised me to present more material so that the reader can see the whole picture. She also recommended me to cover the history of the conflict, which I did. Few days later my professor looked through my paper and reminded me that history shouldn’t be the main focus of the research. The salient point of the case was to explore. The paper wasn’t hard because of the work we as students had to do before we began writing the research paper. The double-entry log and the proposal made it easier to concentrate on material we’ve already prepared. While writing the paper I didn’t come to a conclusion and I thought I’d leave the end without the answer. By the time I was typing conclusion I finally realized I did have my opinion on this particular issue. I answered the question I asked and developed my own opinion.
Exploratory Essay
Who has the legal right to the current nation of Israel?
In this world of progress and never ending exploration people communicate with each other all the time. The national barrier becomes less and less vivid, especially if we deal with neighboring countries. Being a foreigner I feel very welcomed in the United States of America. The most important word in its name is “united”. The variety of nationalities is enormous and it’s a great example of people’s ability to cooperate and accept different points of view other than deny them. I am Ukrainian, Moldavian and Greek myself. It is already three cultures in one. Since I feel very comfortable with people of different nationalities and religion views my new friends in the USA have it all. The knowledge of cultures unites my friends together. Every time we have a big party most of my friends are there: Korean, American, Russian, Mexican, European and Ukrainian. I have noticed lately that when I invite my friends there are only two friends who have no desire to meet. These friends of mine came from one country, their parents are more than neighbors – they are enemies.
Palestinians and Israelis have been fighting over the nation of Israel for millennia. They have not been able to come to one consensus for decades. This complicated and yet unsolved question bothers a lot of people and countries. Its’ roots go deep to the biblical times and the fruits of it are a continuous battle between two neighbors – Israel and Palestine. One of my best friends is Palestinian but I have good friends who are Jews. There is always so much tension between these two nations.
During centuries both nations have been fighting for the same land. Today every side claims to want peace, but they do the opposite and the conflict only becomes bigger. Israelis conquered Palestinians in 1948 and media says the conquers left the defeated right to stay and live in their houses, receive education and get jobs; now Palestinians want the land back and Israeli soldiers have to use weapons to calm the nation down. The land keeps bleeding.
Palestinians at the same time explain that there is no independence in their lives. In 1882 Britain began to allow migration of Jews to Palestine. As a result of the persecution of Jews in Russia and Romania a year earlier, the first large-scale immigration of Jewish settlers to Palestine takes place. What really happened?
It is also a question of religion, a question of people who live on the Holy land, and countries that are interested in this never ending battle. On one hand the Jewish land was given to Israelis by God and after it had been taken away for a while they conquered the Palestinians in 1946 and 1948; on the other hand Palestinians lived on this land during the centuries before Britain let the Jews all around the world gather in Palestine. With so many years of violence and passion behind this issue it is hard to find an answer. Who has the legal right to live in the Holy land and why is it called Palestine in the first place?
My friend who is American gave me the first source, which is 1948 by Benny Morris, an Israeli writer who is pro-Israeli but he admits the land was Palestinian before Jews came back to the land. It also tells about Zionists, that is a group of pro-Israeli Jews, who decided to gather the whole nation together. Benny Morris in the book 1948 states the fact: “The first wave of Zionist immigrants – the First ‘Aliya (literally, ascent) – brought to Palestine’s shores between 1882 and 1903 some thirty thousand Jewish settlers.” Most of the Jews lived in Jerusalem. It is fascinating that in 1881, before the Jews started coming back to the land of Palestine there were 450,000 Arabs – about 90 percent Muslim, the rest Christian – and twenty-five thousand Jews in the country. Even later when Jews started coming back to the country they were still less than twenty percent of the whole population of Palestine.
Benny Morris is sure that the ultimate goal was to take over the land and to restore to the Jews the political independence they have been deprived of for thousands of years. The Jews, the author says, would declare that they were the masters of their ancient homeland. People and whole nations have been changing their land borders, expanded and became smaller again. If all the countries have used history facts to gain their lands back it would be a never ending world war. At the same time the Jews didn’t have their own land and they needed to strengthen their nation since they have lost millions of people during World War II.
[T]he integrity of the Ottoman imperial domain was not the only obstacle to Jewish statehood. There were also the native inhabitants, the Arabs… But once there, the settlers could not avoid noticing the majority native population. It was from them, as two of the first settlers put it, that “we shall… take away the country… through stratagems, without drawing upon us their hostility before we become the strong and populous ones. [B. Morris, page 3]
By “stratagems”, of course, they meant purchase; buying land occasionally required “stratagems” since the Ottoman authorities were generally ill disposed toward Jewish land acquisition. Most of the world’s Jews were non-Zionists, and most, simply, were poor, especially in the Zionist movement’s Eastern Europe heartland. The rich concentrated in Central and Western Europe.
While reading the book I kept in my mind that the author of the book was a pro-Israeli Jew. Nationalism began to touch the minds of the better educated Jews who were raised in Europe and the USA. Rich Palestinian families knew that big changes would come and wanted to prevent losing their lands. Palestinians didn’t want to share their native land; they are still very tied to their country with strong bonds.
In 1907 Yitzhak Epstein, a Zionist educator, had published an article, The Hidden Question, in which he acknowledged the emergence of a national conflict between Zionism and the Arabs. Apparently most of the Jews understood that they couldn’t just inhabit the land that legally didn’t belong to them anymore. Unfortunately for Zionists, Palestinians didn’t want to divide the country into pieces.
A lot of Jews did not come back to “Israel” because by religion they are not supposed to come to the Holy land until the “Prince” comes from heaven to the earth. (“Prince” means Jesus)
The second rebellion, lasting until late spring – summer 1939, was far bloodier than the first. The Arab rural bands renewed their attacks and were active in the towns as well… “Dozens of houses were demolished, crops were destroyed, rebels and their accomplices were hanged, and thousands were jailed.” [Benny Morris, page 20]
The Arabs made a very big mistake by being too aggressive. They untied Zionists’ hands, which now were able to ask for more help and protection from British and Americans. And they got it. Jews who have already come to Palestine needed protection. Plan D was strict. They had weapons that Palestinians were not able to use. Zionists used media, forces, and knowledge to conquer the land of Palestine. The question is - how did they win?
The war created the Palestinian refugee problem. Looking back, Israel’s Foreign Minister Moshe Shertok said:
“There are those who say that we uprooted Arabs from their places. But even they will not deny that the source of the problem was the war: had there been no war, the Arabs would not have expelled them. Had the Arabs from the start accepted the decision of 29 November [1947], a completely different Jewish state would have arisen.” [Benny Morris, page 141]
I can assume that if Palestine agreed to give Israelis the land they were asking for there would be no war and Israelis wouldn’t “clean” the land of Palestinians. Shertok, of course, was right: the refugee problem was created by the war – which the Arabs had launched. They were defending their land, which is understandable. During centuries the Arab people were conquered and did not own their country. Ottoman defeated and destroyed Arab’s self-image. Palestine was conquered by France and also became a colony of Britain …
It only shows that Arabs suffered a lot and explains their negative attitude to the Israelis, who were trying to inhabit the land. Even later when Jews started coming back to the country there were still less than twenty percent of the whole population of Palestine. It makes me wonder what the reason was of them starting to come back, all of a sudden. Did they feel patriotic and already were planning to come to “their” land or was it because they were discriminated by other countries?
I decided to study this group deeper and another book “From Beirut to Jerusalem” that was well written by Thomas L. Friedman answered few of my questions. It talks about gathering of Israel in Palestine. It informs the reader how European and American Jews organized Zionism and decided that Jews should have their own land and country. This book gives explanation why Israeli people deserve to have their own country again in this particular area. I purchased the book on modern type of a book store, Kindle. Friedman is expressing very aggressively about Israelis and suggests that Palestinians should undertake virtually all the initiatives, but he doesn’t blame Israelis for being smarter. In the book Friedman shares his thoughts:
“Either the Palestinians will stop paying taxes, stop talking about joining the Jerusalem city council, stop building Jewish settlements, and stop riding the Egged buses, as their heads tell them they should do, said Sari, or their national strategy will be made to fit their assimilation.” [Friedman, page 9]
Even though there was a prediction that Palestine would want to join Jerusalem it didn’t happen. No matter how tough it was for Palestinians, there was no way they could give up the land without a fight. I do disagree with Friedman who is pro-Zionist. He actually made me question the real intentions of Zionists.
A.B. Yehoshua, published a letter to the editor of The New York Times calling on American Jews to “speak up” about Israeli policies in the West bank, because “the status quo will further corrupt Israeli society and inevitably lead to another major war.” The influence of media is very strong and powerful. A.B. Yehoshua uses the power and asks educated European and American Jews for help and support. After his article Israeli Jews start writing more and more books proving Zionists’ philosophy.
The more I learned about Zionist movement the less I was sure in the legitimacy of their plan and actions. Even though the books I’ve read show them as a smart group of people who put a lot on the plate in order to save the nation of Israel, I still had doubts and decided to see what was really going on in Palestine during that same period of time. I started searching the web to find new information that would give me some answers. After reading a bunch of blogs and archives from newspapers I finally found a great work that was interesting to read. It was the article "The Expulsion of the Palestinians 1947-1948” written by Robin Miller that was published by New York Times. It questions the numbers of Jews that were in Palestine during that period of time given by Israel leaders. Robin Miller in "The Expulsion of the Palestinians 1947-1948”, says, "Before 1948, Jews owned only 1.5 million of the 26 million dunams of land in Palestine. After the eviction of the Palestinians, Israel controlled 20 million dunams, an increase from 6% to 77% of the total. They simply stole the entire country”. Now it felt like Israelis were evil and Palestinians were unprotected civilians who didn’t even have an army. To find the evidence of those facts I kept looking for answers.
The fourth source is the book “The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israel” by Leslie Stein that shows the trials the “pioneers” had to overcome.” It appears that many Christians are being encouraged to support Israeli land claims over those of the Palestinians, based on this unsubstantiated figure of 92% of the land having been purchased by the Jews. However, the Jewish National Fund’s own figures indicate that they claim to have purchased only 7.33% of the land by 1948. How many Jews and Palestinians were in the country before and after the war? She literally says this:
“[W]hen Jews migrated to Palestine in reasonable numbers to restore their presence there not simply as worshipers but also as economically productive agents. The settlements themselves and those that followed, both within the First and then the Second Aliyah, were normally sited moderately close to existing Jewish commercial centers, such as Jaffa, Haifa, Safed and Tiberius…the Arabs placed a much higher premium on land in the Judeah Hills, particularly terraced, drained land in the mountain valleys, than on land in lower-lying areas.”
[Leslie Stein, page 48]
Jews occupied worse land than Palestinians. The first Aliyah (pro-Israeli Jews) settlers had to face the ignorance of local conditions, disease and the near absence of medical treatment, a lack of appropriate agricultural know-how and the opposition to their previous way of life.
Even though the Jews paid taxes the Palestinians made roads not in a proper way for Jewish cities and towns: “to this day there are no roads, not only between village to village but also between the cities of one region to another” Leib Bienstock 1882. Jews were very organized and they developed their agriculture their small state even with bad climatic conditions.
“As each band of pioneers took possession of their land, they organized their activities within a cooperative framework in which, for the time being, the land remained undivided and work activities were centrally coordinated.”
[Leib Bienstock, page 98]
Tired of Jewish authors I decided to switch to somebody who would be neutral. The fifth book I was working on is “Zionism: The real enemy of the Jews” written by Alan Hart. This writer gives us absolutely different and very interesting point of view. He is basically saying that neither Jews nor Palestinians are wrong. He blames Zionists in creating an evil plan by tricking all the countries, making Europe and the USA feel guilty for the World War II and manipulating them with media. The last book I was working on explores another side of the issue. “Zionism: The real enemy of the Jews” written by Alan Hart states that it has been forgotten by Jews and the rest of the world, that Zionism was founded on a cold blooded policy of colonialism, ethnic cleansing and terrorism.
Alan Hart is trying to prove that the Zionists had their plan to gain the land back and the way they reached their goal wasn’t legit.
While exploring and looking for the answers to this complicated question I found it interesting that most of world population has heard of Palestinian and Israeli issue but not all of them know about Zionists’ influence. In fact, Zionism is the reason of this problem. They remind me of Fascists: the rise of nationalism after wars and being unable to rule their own country. Zionism is definitely not as cruel as Fascism but there definitely some similarities. If we look at the tactics both nations use we’ll find a lot in common.
Wealthy and educated Jews who were raised by first world countries decide they need to have their own state and independence. They gather together and form a nationalistic group Zionism that begins to grow very fast and finds millions of supporters. Just as fascists this group also uses media, especially press, to support their views. According to Plan D Israelis were “cleaning” the country from Palestinians; fascists “cleaned” Germany from Jews. Zionists referred to the World War II where they lost millions of people and demanded their own land from Britain. German Fascists arose after the World War I where they were defeated and have lost many people. Before the World War II the nation of Germany was experiencing really hard times while well educated Jews were wealthy and was the elite of the whole country. We know what happened afterwards.
The situation with Israelis and Palestinians was very close to the previous one but pro-Israelis knew that their target was easier to reach since Palestinians were not well educated. Zionists started to act years and years before the war in 1948.
I think the legal right to the nation of Israel today has Jews but on my opinion Zionists learned on their “murderers’” example and did pretty much the same. They were so fed up with being prosecuted by other nations, killed because of being smarter and more successful that they decided they deserved to have their own country. While doing the research I found out how little I knew about this particular problem. Before I started to explore the issue I saw the Jews as the real hosts of Israel. Little by little I have changed my mind. Today even though Israelis have won the war in 1948 and have always been strong I find Zionists’ tactics cruel and inhumane. The question I wanted to find an answer to has been answered – Israelis do own the land legally. Now my other questions are: Did Zionists follow Fascists’ philosophy? Have other countries been manipulated by Zionists? Should the UN divide the country in two pieces and bring peace? These will be the topics of my new exploratory paper.
WORKS CITED
Morris, Benny. 1948. Michigan: Yale University Press. 2008. Print.
Friedman Thomas L. “From Beirut to Jerusalem”. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1990. Print.
“New York Times”, Miller Robin “The Expulsion of the Palestinians 1947-1948”. New York. October 1979, page 3.
Stein Leslie. “The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israel”. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. 2003. Print.
Alan Hart. “Zionist: The real enemy of the Jews”. Atlanda: Focus Publishing.2005. Print.